19 results
Climate, Weather Extremes and Health: Latest WHO-WMO Resources and Tools for Health Emergency Managers
- Rosa von Borries, Joy Shumake-Guillemot, John Nairn, Virginia Murray, Jonathan Abrahams
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- Journal:
- Prehospital and Disaster Medicine / Volume 38 / Issue S1 / May 2023
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 13 July 2023, p. s64
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- May 2023
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Introduction:
As populations worldwide are experiencing more frequent and intense weather and climate extremes, many professionals of the WADEM community are at the frontline of managing compounding and cascading impacts on physical and mental health. Vulnerable, isolated, and marginalized people are the most affected by climate and weather threats. The elderly and children faced 3.7 billion more life-threatening heatwave days in 2021 than annually in 1986-2005 increasing the need for emergency care on a large scale.
Method:The World Health Organization (WHO) and World Meteorological Organization (WMO), together with partners from health agencies, climate services, academia and other sectors are collaborating to accelerate the use of climate, weather and environmental science and services for better health protection. A selection of key resources and tools will be highlighted that can be used by the WADEM community to better understand, anticipate, and manage health risks from extreme weather and climate.
Results:Participants will learn about the new WHO-WMO ClimaHealth Portal, a global knowledge and action hub with huge potential for facilitating learning and action to better protect health from climate risks. Tools and resources include the Global Heat Health Information Network (GHHIN) Checklist and Technical Brief for improved heatwave preparedness and response in the context of COVID-19, and a new WHO Guidance Document on Measuring the Climate Resilience of Health Systems providing a framework and indicators for assessing and protecting health systems from climate threats.
Conclusion:As extreme weather intensifies, integrated climate-informed services for the health sector including multi-hazard early warning systems and action plans, as well as strengthened partnerships between the health community and hydrometeorological services are indispensable to further restrict adverse health impacts. Accelerating the uptake and upscale of existing tools and resources is urgently needed to meet the increasing health and societal challenges caused by climate change and weather extremes.
Sociodemographic factors associated with treatment-seeking and treatment receipt: cross-sectional analysis of UK Biobank participants with lifetime generalised anxiety or major depressive disorder
- Christopher Rayner, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Kirstin L. Purves, Ewan Carr, Rosa Cheesman, Molly R. Davies, Jaime Delgadillo, Christopher Hübel, Georgina Krebs, Alicia J. Peel, Megan Skelton, Gerome Breen, Thalia C. Eley
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- Journal:
- BJPsych Open / Volume 7 / Issue 6 / November 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 November 2021, e216
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Background
Anxiety and depressive disorders can be chronic and disabling. Although there are effective treatments, only a fraction of those impaired receive treatment. Predictors of treatment-seeking and treatment receipt could be informative for initiatives aiming to tackle the burden of untreated anxiety and depression.
AimsTo investigate sociodemographic characteristics associated with treatment-seeking and treatment receipt.
MethodTwo binary retrospective reports of lifetime treatment-seeking (n = 44 810) and treatment receipt (n = 37 346) were regressed on sociodemographic factors (age, gender, UK ethnic minority background, educational attainment, household income, neighbourhood deprivation and social isolation) and alternative coping strategies (self-medication with alcohol/drugs and self-help) in UK Biobank participants with lifetime generalised anxiety or major depressive disorder. Analyses were also stratified by gender.
ResultsTreatment access was more likely in those who reported use of self-help strategies, with university-level education and those from less economically advantaged circumstances (household income <£30 000 and greater neighbourhood deprivation). Treatment access was less likely in those who were male, from a UK ethnic minority background and with high household incomes (>£100 000). Men who self-medicated and/or had a vocational qualification were also less likely to seek treatment.
ConclusionsThis work on retrospective reports of treatment-seeking and treatment receipt at any time of life replicates known associations with treatment-seeking and treatment receipt during time of treatment need. More work is required to understand whether improving rates of treatment-seeking improves prognostic outcomes for individuals with anxiety or depression.
Interrogating an ICD-coded electronic health records database to characterize the epidemiology of prosopagnosia
- Christina Pressl, Caroline S. Jiang, Joel Correa da Rosa, Maximilian Friedrich, Roger Vaughan, Winrich A. Freiwald, Jonathan N. Tobin
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 5 / Issue 1 / 2021
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 19 June 2020, e11
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Introduction:
Recognition of faces of family members, friends, and colleagues is an important skill essential for everyday life. Individuals affected by prosopagnosia (face blindness) have difficulty recognizing familiar individuals. The prevalence of prosopagnosia has been estimated to be as high as 3%. Prosopagnosia can severely impact the quality of life of those affected, and it has been suggested to co-occur with conditions such as depression and anxiety.
Methods:To determine real-world diagnostic frequency of prosopagnosia and the spectrum of its comorbidities, we utilized a large database of more than 7.5 million de-identified electronic health records (EHRs) from patients who received care at major academic health centers and Federally Qualified Health Centers in New York City. We designed a computable phenotype to search the database for diagnosed cases of prosopagnosia, revealing a total of n = 902 cases. In addition, data from a randomly sampled matched control population (n = 100,973) were drawn from the database for comparative analyses to study the condition’s comorbidity landscape. Diagnostic frequency of prosopagnosia, epidemiological characteristics, and comorbidity landscape were assessed.
Results:We observed prosopagnosia diagnoses at a rate of 0.012% (12 per 100,000 individuals). We discovered elevated frequency of prosopagnosia diagnosis for individuals who carried certain comorbid conditions, such as personality disorder, depression, epilepsy, and anxiety. Moreover, prosopagnosia diagnoses increased with the number of comorbid conditions.
Conclusions:Results from this study show a wide range of comorbidities and suggest that prosopagnosia is vastly underdiagnosed. Findings imply important clinical consequences for the diagnosis and management of prosopagnosia as well as its comorbid conditions.
Proper motion of the Magellanic Bridge: Removal of foreground stars
- Thomas Schmidt, Maria-Rosa L. Cioni, Florian Niederhofer, Jonathan Diaz, Anna B. A. Queiroz, Gal Matijevic, Cristina Chiappini
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 14 / Issue S353 / June 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 May 2020, pp. 128-129
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- June 2019
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The Large and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC and SMC) are the most luminous dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way. Thanks to their close proximity (50-60 kpc), they provide one of the best opportunities to study in detail the kinematics of resolved stellar populations in an interacting pair of galaxies. Large photometric surveys like the ongoing Gaia mission and the near-infrared VISTA survey of the Magellanic Cloud system (VMC) will have a significant impact on our insight into the Magellanic system. We have combined the individual strengths of VMC and Gaia DR2 data to improve our understanding of the internal kinematics of the galaxies. In this study, we present results from our ongoing project dedicated to measure and analyse the proper motions of large samples of stars across the Magellanic Clouds, efficiently removing Milk Way foreground stars utilising distances derived with the StarHorse code.
2080 Implementing and evaluating an evidence-based intervention from the intensive care unit (ICU) setting into primary care using promotoras to reduce CA-MRSA recurrence and household transmission
- Brianna M. D’Orazio, Jonathan N. Tobin, Rhonda G. Kost, Chamanara Khalida, Jessica Ramachandran, Mina Pastagia, Teresa H. Evering, Maria P. de la Gandara, Cameron Coffran, Joel Correa da Rosa, Kimberly Vasquez, Getaw W. Hassen, Franco Barsanti, Satoko Kanahara, Regina Hammock, Rosalee Nguyen, Mark Trezia, Trang Gisler, Herminia de Lencastre, Alexander Tomasz, Barry S. Coller
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 2 / Issue S1 / June 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 November 2018, p. 71
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) recurrence ranges from 16% to 43% and presents significant challenges to clinicians, patients, and families. This comparative effectiveness research study aims to disseminate, implement and evaluate whether an existing intervention, consisting of decolonization and decontamination procedures, which has been determined to be effective in hospital intensive care unit settings, can be implemented by Community Health Workers (CHWs) or “promotoras” conducting home visits prevent recurrence of CA-MRSA and transmission within their households for patients presenting to primary care with SSTIs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In partnership with 3 Community Health Centers and 4 community hospitals in NYC, this study will recruit patients (n=278) with confirmed MRSA SSTIs and their household members. Participants are randomized to receive either a CHW/Promotora-delivered decolonization-decontamination intervention or usual care, which includes hygiene education. The highly engaged stakeholder team meets monthly to review interim results, identify areas for refinement and new research questions, and develop and implement strategies to improve participant engagement and retention. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: MRSA and MSSA were found in 19% and 21.1% of wound cultures, respectively. 59.5% with MRSA+ wound culture had one or more MRSA+ surveillance culture; 67.8% with MSSA+ wound culture had one or more MSSA+ surveillance culture. The “warm handoff” approach, developed and implemented by the stakeholder team to engage patients from their initial consent to return of lab results and scheduling of the home visits, helped improve completion of baseline home visits by 14%, from 45% to 59% of eligible participants. Home visits have demonstrated that 60% of households had at least one surface contaminated with S. aureus. Of the surfaces that tested positive in the households, nearly 20% were MRSA and 81% were MSSA; 32.5% of household members had at least one surveillance culture positive for S. aureus (MRSA: 7.7%, MSSA: 92.3%). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study aims to understand the systems-level, patient-level, and environmental-level factors associated with SSTI recurrence and household transmission, and to examine the interactions between bacterial genotypic and clinical/phenotypic factors on decontamination, decolonization, SSTI recurrence and household transmission. This study will evaluate the barriers and facilitators of implementation of home visits by CHWs in underserved populations, and aims to strengthen the weak evidence base for implementation of strategies to reduce SSTI recurrence and household transmission.
VMC proper motions of the Magellanic Bridge
- Thomas Schmidt, Maria-Rosa Cioni, Florian Niederhofer, Jonathan Diaz, Gal Matijevic
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- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 14 / Issue S344 / August 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 30 October 2019, pp. 130-133
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- August 2018
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Dwarf galaxies enable us to study early phases of galaxy evolution and are key to many open questions about the hierarchical structure of the Universe. The Large and Small Magellanic Cloud (LMC and SMC) are the most luminous dwarf galaxy satellites of the Milky Way (MW). They are most likely gravitationally bound to each other, and their last interaction occurred about 200 Myr ago. Also, they are in an early phase of minor merging with the MW and will impact the Galactic structure in the future because of their relatively large mass. However, there are still major uncertainties regarding their origin and their interactions with one another and with the Milky Way. We cross-correlated the VMC and Gaia DR2 data to select a sample of stars that likely belong to the Magellanic Bridge, a feature formed of gas and stars which is connecting the LMC and the SMC. We removed potential MW foregound stars using a combination of parallax and colour-magnitude criteria and calculated the proper motions of the Bridge member stars. Our analysis supports a motion of star towards the LMC, which was found to be in good agreement with a dynamical simulation, of the SMC being stripped by the LMC.
2093: Utilization of an ICD-coded electronic health records (EHR) database to characterize the epidemiology of prosopagnosia
- Christina Pressl, Caroline Jiang, Joel Correa da Rosa, Maximilian Friedrich, Winrich Freiwald, Jonathan Tobin
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 1 / Issue S1 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2018, p. 23
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: We aim to examine the epidemiological characteristics of prosopagnosia by querying and analyzing a large deidentified clinical data set from 12 New York City-based hospitals and Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). The PCORI-funded New York City Clinical Data Research Network (NYC-CDRN) contains ~4.5 million deidentified ICD-coded electronic health records (EHRs) with comprehensive longitudinal information on demographics, patient visits, clinical conditions/diagnoses, laboratory and radiology results, medications, and clinical procedures. The NYC-CDRN will be expanded to include other data sources, including insurance claims, social determinant of health, patient reported outcomes, and patient generated data. The central hypothesis was that systematic mining of this database would reveal new epidemiological information about prosopagnosia. We developed a computable phenotype for prosopagnosia, using the International Classification of Diseases version 9 (ICD-9). The computable phenotype consisted of the diagnostic code for the condition under study, prosopagnosia (ICD-9 code 368.16), as well as the codes for known surrogate diagnoses. We expected to identify cases of acquired prosopagnosia, where the condition occurs only after brain damage, due to stroke, trauma, or meningitis for example, and cases of developmental prosopagnosia, where the condition is present from an early age, with no history of brain damage. The goals of this project were to provide new information about the condition’s prevalence rate in the New York City area, which could be furthermore translated into wider geographical areas and to yield novel details about its antecedents and comorbid conditions. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: To determine the presence of the diagnosis of interest, prosopagnosia, and common co-occurring conditions among a New York City-based study population, we investigated a large database in collaboration with the NYC-CDRN. At the time the large database was mined it contained ~4 million ICD-9 coded EHRs. We first created a search paradigm; applicable for screening the database that consists of ICD-9 coded EHRs. We generated a list of ICD-9 codes indicative for the patients’ difficulties with the perception of faces (368.16), which indicates the presence of the condition as part of the psychophysical visual disturbances complex, and this code identified 871 patients. Furthermore, we collected codes that indicate the presence of conditions that are known to be surrogate diagnoses of prosopagnosia. ICD-9 codes for surrogate diagnoses included for example, 854.* (coding for personal history of traumatic brain injury, n=1,409), 434.01, 434.11, and 434.91 (coding for cerebral thrombosis, embolus and artery occlusion unspecified with cerebral infarction, n=19,409), and 191.2 (coding for malignant neoplasm of the temporal lobe, n=566). In October 2015, coding was changed to the new ICD-10 coding system. No additional patients were revealed from the data set when the cohort was searched for the presence of corresponding ICD-10 codes, as institutions are currently in transition from ICD-9 to ICD-10. Using this search query with the large database, we extracted novel information about the epidemiological and demographical distribution of prosopagnosia and furthermore, gained new knowledge about commonly associated diseases. The fact that it must be presumed that the majority of diagnoses of prosopagnosia have been made on the basis of patients’ self-reports and clinicians’ judgments represents a limiting factor in this study. We are currently exploring machine-learning strategies to identify potential false-negative cases among the patients with surrogate diagnoses. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Investigations and application of our search query revealed a total number of n=129,549 patients carrying either the diagnosis code for prosopagnosia or the codes for the known surrogate diagnoses. There were 871 patients who carried the ICD-9 code 368.16, indicating the potential presence of prosopagnosia among other visual disturbances. Remaining patients (n=128,678) carried codes for known surrogate diagnoses, contained in the search query. Statistical analyses revealed elevated odds ratios for men (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.36, 1.77, p<0.0001), and for Black/African Americans Versus White individuals (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.74, 2.51, p<0.0001). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Currently, the prevalence of prosopagnosia remains unknown. Face blind individuals are struggling to recognize their social contacts by their face only in every day life and are therefore prone to experience reduced quality of life. We searched the large NYC-based clinical database, containing more than 4.5 million deidentified ICD-coded health records, for cases of prosopagnosia to shed light into its prevalence and epidemiological characteristics. We furthermore, mined the database for cases carrying known surrogate diagnoses to explore the magnitude and characteristics of individuals potentially under increased risk. Our efforts address a great healthcare need, as they revealed new epidemiological knowledge of a vulnerable and understudied population. The results of this project reveal new insights into the epidemiological characteristics of prosopagnosia and its surrogate diagnoses, and demonstrate the feasibility of mining large clinical databases to identify rare clinical populations. Our results suggest the need for a more targeted diagnostic assessment of face perception abilities in populations under increased risk.
2424: National trends in ambulatory Versus emergency department visits for low-income patients with skin and soft tissue infections
- Brianna M. D’Orazio, Joel Correa da Rosa, Jonathan N. Tobin
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- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 1 / Issue S1 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2018, p. 78
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) recurrence ranges from 16% to 43% and presents significant challenges to clinicians, patients, and families. The number of emergency department visits for SSTIs increased from 1993 to 2005 from 0.48 to 1.16 ED visits per 100 US residents (95% CI 0.94 to 1.39; p<0.001); high safety-net status EDs saw a 4-fold increase in visits. The CA-MRSA Project (CAMP2) comparative effectiveness research (CER) study aims to evaluate a home-based intervention implemented by Community Health Workers (CHWs) or “promotoras” to prevent recurrence and transmission of CA-MRSA in primarily low-income, minority patients presenting to primary care with SSTIs. The intervention disseminates and implements methods found effective in the REDUCE MRSA trial. The present analysis was conducted using publically available data set to characterize the national patterns of healthcare utilization for treatment of SSTIs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: An analysis was conducted using data downloaded from the CDC National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) and the CDC National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) from 2012 (most recent data available) to evaluate the addition of Emergency Departments (EDs) as compared to Ambulatory Care as recruitment sources for a clinical trial to reduce CA-MRSA SSTI recurrence and household transmission. “Low-income” population was defined using “Expected Source of Payment” categories “Medicaid” and “Uninsured,” and ICD-9-CM dermatologic diagnosis codes for SSTIs and ICD-9-CM Procedure Codes for Incision and Drainage (I&D) were used to define a visit for SSTI treatment. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: In all patients, I&D was performed at a higher rate in EDs as compared with the ambulatory care setting (49.57 vs. 1.44 per 10,000 US residents in Medicaid and Uninsured; 44.48 vs. 5.24 per 10,000 US residents in all other insurance types). Nationally, low-income patients are 4 times more likely to have I&D procedure performed (OR 4.05, 95% CI 0.614–26.759, p<0.0001) and 5 times more likely to be diagnosed with an SSTI (OR 5.10, 95% CI 2.987–8.707, p<0.001) in the ED setting. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These results confirm that low income patients seek primary care for SSTIs in both EDs and ambulatory care, such as Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs). This also confirms the trend we have experienced in FQHCs in NYC, many of whom refer patients to the ED for the I&D procedure, and those patients return to the FQHC for follow-up. Thus, the most comprehensive test of using CHWs to disseminate and implement the findings from the REDUCE MRSA trial would engage both EDs and Ambulatory Care/FQHCs for patient identification and recruitment.
2421: Patient and household member colonization and environmental contamination with Staphylococcus aureus in a comparative effectiveness study of home-based interventions to reduce CA-MRSA recurrence and household transmission
- Jonathan N. Tobin, Rhonda G. Kost, Brianna M. D’Orazio, Chamanara Khalida, Jessica Ramachandran, Mina Pastagia, Teresa H. Evering, Maria Pardos de la Gandara, Cameron Coffran, Joel Correa da Rosa, Kimberly Vasquez, Getaw Worku Hassen, Tracie Urba
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 1 / Issue S1 / September 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 10 May 2018, p. 77
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are commonly seen in primary care, with recurrence rates that range from 16% to 43%, and present significant challenges to clinicians, patients, and families. This comparative effectiveness research study aims to develop and evaluate a home-based intervention implemented by Community Health Workers (CHWs) or “promotoras” to prevent recurrence of CA-MRSA in patients presenting to primary care with SSTIs and transmission within their households. This presentation will examine associations between wound microbiology, clinical presentation, and housing characteristics, including housing density and household surfaces contamination. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: In partnership with 3 Community Health Centers and 3 community hospitals in NYC, this study will recruit patients (n=278) with confirmed MRSA SSTIs and their household members. Participants will be randomized to receive either a CHW/Promotora-delivered decolonization-decontamination intervention (based on the REDUCE MRSA trial) or usual care. The highly engaged stakeholder team finalized the intervention protocol, developed and implemented CHW and clinician training, and developed an online health portal application for data management and exchange. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We have collected 923 isolates from 237 individuals, including 240 wound culture isolates and 683 surveillance culture isolates (nares, axilla, groin). MRSA and MSSA were found in 19% and 21.1% of wound cultures, respectively; 59.5% with MRSA+ wound culture had 1 or more MRSA+ surveillance culture; 67.8% with MSSA+ wound culture had 1 or more MSSA+ surveillance culture. Of those with MRSA or MSSA infections, 70% of subjects were male, with an average age of 37.9 (SD=15.9 y). The most frequent sites of infection were the leg (20%), axilla (18%), buttock (17%), and abdomen/torso (12%). There was no association between the location and type of infection (MRSA/MSSA) (p-value=0.09). The kitchen floor (14.05%) and bedroom floor (14%) were the most common surfaces contaminated with MRSA. These were also the most common surfaces contaminated with MSSA, which was recovered from 10.2% and 9.1% of kitchen floors and bedroom floors, respectively. For individuals with an MRSA or MSSA wound infection, there was an average number of 3.2 (SD=1.6) co-residents per household, and 36.5% of household members were colonized with either MRSA or MSSA. There is no association between household density (number of co-residents) and type of infection (MRSA/MSSA) (Fisher’s p-values=0.171 and 0.371, respectively). In households of participants with MSSA wound infections, the number of colonized sites is positively associated with the level of household MSSA contamination (p=0.027). Further analyses will examine the associations between molecular subtypes, wound location, household surface contamination and household member colonization and infection. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: This study aims to understand the patient-level and environmental-level factors associated with SSTI recurrence, surface contamination and household transmission, and to examine the interactions between bacterial genotypic and clinical/phenotypic factors on decontamination, decolonization, SSTI recurrence and household transmission. This study will evaluate the barriers and facilitators to implementation of home visits by CHWs in underserved populations, and aims to strengthen the evidence base for implementation of strategies to identify and reduce household reservoirs and then control SSTI recurrence and household transmission.
The Rockefeller University Clinical Scholars (KL2) program 2006–2016
- Sarah J. Schlesinger, Michelle Romanick, Jonathan N. Tobin, Donna Brassil, Rhonda G. Kost, Rita Devine, Barbara O’Sullivan, Roger D. Vaughan, Yupu Liang, Joel Correa da Rosa, Maija Williams, James G. Krueger, Barry S. Coller
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- Journal:
- Journal of Clinical and Translational Science / Volume 1 / Issue 5 / October 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 February 2018, pp. 285-291
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Introduction and Methods
The Rockefeller Clinical Scholars (KL2) program began in 1976 and transitioned into a 3-year Master’s degree program in 2006 when Rockefeller joined the National Institute of Health Clinical and Translational Science Award program. The program consists of ∼15 trainees supported by the Clinical and Translational Science Award KL2 award and University funds. It is designed to provide an optimal environment for junior translational investigators to develop team science and leadership skills by designing and performing a human subjects protocol under the supervision of a distinguished senior investigator mentor and a team of content expert educators. This is complemented by a tutorial focused on important translational skills.
ResultsSince 2006, 40 Clinical Scholars have graduated from the programs and gone on to careers in academia (72%), government service (5%), industry (15%), and private medical practice (3%); 2 (5%) remain in training programs; 39/40 remain in translational research careers with 23 National Institute of Health awards totaling $23 million, foundation and philanthropic support of $20.3 million, and foreign government and foundation support of $6 million. They have made wide ranging scientific discoveries and have endeavored to translate those discoveries into improved human health.
ConclusionThe Rockefeller Clinical Scholars (KL2) program provides one model for translational science training.
Unsettling race and language: Toward a raciolinguistic perspective
- Jonathan Rosa, Nelson Flores
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- Language in Society / Volume 46 / Issue 5 / November 2017
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 11 September 2017, pp. 621-647
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- November 2017
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This article presents what we term a raciolinguistic perspective, which theorizes the historical and contemporary co-naturalization of language and race. Rather than taking for granted existing categories for parsing and classifying race and language, we seek to understand how and why these categories have been co-naturalized, and to imagine their denaturalization as part of a broader structural project of contesting white supremacy. We explore five key components of a raciolinguistic perspective: (i) historical and contemporary colonial co-naturalizations of race and language; (ii) perceptions of racial and linguistic difference; (iii) regimentations of racial and linguistic categories; (iv) racial and linguistic intersections and assemblages; and (v) contestations of racial and linguistic power formations. These foci reflect our investment in developing a careful theorization of various forms of racial and linguistic inequality on the one hand, and our commitment to the imagination and creation of more just societies on the other. (Race, language ideologies, colonialism, governmentality, enregisterment, structural inequality)*
FIRST EXPERIENCES WITH A NOVEL FARMER CITIZEN SCIENCE APPROACH: CROWDSOURCING PARTICIPATORY VARIETY SELECTION THROUGH ON-FARM TRIADIC COMPARISONS OF TECHNOLOGIES (TRICOT)
- JACOB VAN ETTEN, ESKENDER BEZA, LLUÍS CALDERER, KEES VAN DUIJVENDIJK, CARLO FADDA, BASAZEN FANTAHUN, YOSEF GEBREHAWARYAT KIDANE, JESKE VAN DE GEVEL, ARNAB GUPTA, DEJENE KASSAHUN MENGISTU, DAN KIAMBI, PREM NARAIN MATHUR, LEIDA MERCADO, SARIKA MITTRA, MARGARET J. MOLLEL, JUAN CARLOS ROSAS, JONATHAN STEINKE, JOSE GABRIEL SUCHINI, KARL S. ZIMMERER
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- Experimental Agriculture / Volume 55 / Issue S1 / June 2019
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 21 December 2016, pp. 275-296
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Rapid climatic and socio-economic changes challenge current agricultural R&D capacity. The necessary quantum leap in knowledge generation should build on the innovation capacity of farmers themselves. A novel citizen science methodology, triadic comparisons of technologies or tricot, was implemented in pilot studies in India, East Africa, and Central America. The methodology involves distributing a pool of agricultural technologies in different combinations of three to individual farmers who observe these technologies under farm conditions and compare their performance. Since the combinations of three technologies overlap, statistical methods can piece together the overall performance ranking of the complete pool of technologies. The tricot approach affords wide scaling, as the distribution of trial packages and instruction sessions is relatively easy to execute, farmers do not need to be organized in collaborative groups, and feedback is easy to collect, even by phone. The tricot approach provides interpretable, meaningful results and was widely accepted by farmers. The methodology underwent improvement in data input formats. A number of methodological issues remain: integrating environmental analysis, capturing gender-specific differences, stimulating farmers' motivation, and supporting implementation with an integrated digital platform. Future studies should apply the tricot approach to a wider range of technologies, quantify its potential contribution to climate adaptation, and embed the approach in appropriate institutions and business models, empowering participants and democratizing science.
Contributors
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- By Lenard A. Adler, Pinky Agarwal, Rehan Ahmed, Jagga Rao Alluri, Fawaz Al-Mufti, Samuel Alperin, Michael Amoashiy, Michael Andary, David J. Anschel, Padmaja Aradhya, Vandana Aspen, Esther Baldinger, Jee Bang, George D. Baquis, John J. Barry, Jason J. S. Barton, Julius Bazan, Amanda R. Bedford, Marlene Behrmann, Lourdes Bello-Espinosa, Ajay Berdia, Alan R. Berger, Mark Beyer, Don C. Bienfang, Kevin M. Biglan, Thomas M. Boes, Paul W. Brazis, Jonathan L. Brisman, Jeffrey A. Brown, Scott E. Brown, Ryan R. Byrne, Rina Caprarella, Casey A. Chamberlain, Wan-Tsu W. Chang, Grace M. Charles, Jasvinder Chawla, David Clark, Todd J. Cohen, Joe Colombo, Howard Crystal, Vladimir Dadashev, Sarita B. Dave, Jean Robert Desrouleaux, Richard L. Doty, Robert Duarte, Jeffrey S. Durmer, Christyn M. Edmundson, Eric R. Eggenberger, Steven Ender, Noam Epstein, Alberto J. Espay, Alan B. Ettinger, Niloofar (Nelly) Faghani, Amtul Farheen, Edward Firouztale, Rod Foroozan, Anne L. Foundas, David Elliot Friedman, Deborah I. Friedman, Steven J. Frucht, Oded Gerber, Tal Gilboa, Martin Gizzi, Teneille G. Gofton, Louis J. Goodrich, Malcolm H. Gottesman, Varda Gross-Tsur, Deepak Grover, David A. Gudis, John J. Halperin, Maxim D. Hammer, Andrew R. Harrison, L. Anne Hayman, Galen V. Henderson, Steven Herskovitz, Caitlin Hoffman, Laryssa A. Huryn, Andres M. Kanner, Gary P. Kaplan, Bashar Katirji, Kenneth R. Kaufman, Annie Killoran, Nina Kirz, Gad E. Klein, Danielle G. Koby, Christopher P. Kogut, W. Curt LaFrance, Patrick J.M. Lavin, Susan W. Law, James L. Levenson, Richard B. Lipton, Glenn Lopate, Daniel J. Luciano, Reema Maindiratta, Robert M. Mallery, Georgios Manousakis, Alan Mazurek, Luis J. Mejico, Dragana Micic, Ali Mokhtarzadeh, Walter J. Molofsky, Heather E. Moss, Mark L. Moster, Manpreet Multani, Siddhartha Nadkarni, George C. Newman, Rolla Nuoman, Paul A. Nyquist, Gaia Donata Oggioni, Odi Oguh, Denis Ostrovskiy, Kristina Y. Pao, Juwen Park, Anastas F. Pass, Victoria S. Pelak, Jeffrey Peterson, John Pile-Spellman, Misha L. Pless, Gregory M. Pontone, Aparna M. Prabhu, Michael T. Pulley, Philip Ragone, Prajwal Rajappa, Venkat Ramani, Sindhu Ramchandren, Ritesh A. Ramdhani, Ramses Ribot, Heidi D. Riney, Diana Rojas-Soto, Michael Ronthal, Daniel M. Rosenbaum, David B. Rosenfield, Durga Roy, Michael J. Ruckenstein, Max C. Rudansky, Eva Sahay, Friedhelm Sandbrink, Jade S. Schiffman, Angela Scicutella, Maroun T. Semaan, Robert C. Sergott, Aashit K. Shah, David M. Shaw, Amit M. Shelat, Claire A. Sheldon, Anant M. Shenoy, Yelizaveta Sher, Jessica A. Shields, Tanya Simuni, Rajpaul Singh, Eric E. Smouha, David Solomon, Mehri Songhorian, Steven A. Sparr, Egilius L. H. Spierings, Eve G. Spratt, Beth Stein, S.H. Subramony, Rosa Ana Tang, Cara Tannenbaum, Hakan Tekeli, Amanda J. Thompson, Michael J. Thorpy, Matthew J. Thurtell, Pedro J. Torrico, Ira M. Turner, Scott Uretsky, Ruth H. Walker, Deborah M. Weisbrot, Michael A. Williams, Jacques Winter, Randall J. Wright, Jay Elliot Yasen, Shicong Ye, G. Bryan Young, Huiying Yu, Ryan J. Zehnder
- Edited by Alan B. Ettinger, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, Deborah M. Weisbrot, State University of New York, Stony Brook
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- Book:
- Neurologic Differential Diagnosis
- Published online:
- 05 June 2014
- Print publication:
- 17 April 2014, pp xi-xx
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Contributors
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- By Ted Abel, Antoine Adamantidis, Karla V. Allebrandt, Simon N. Archer, Amelie Baud, Michel Billiard, Carlos Blanco-Centurion, Diane B. Boivin, Ethan Buhr, Matthew E. Carter, Nicolas Cermakian, Jennifer H.K. Choi, S.Y. Christin Chong, Chiara Cirelli, Marc Cuesta, Thomas Curie, Yves Dauvilliers, Luis de Lecea, Derk-Jan Dijk, Stephane Dissel, Annette C. Fedson, Jonathan Flint, Marcos G. Frank, Paul Franken, Ying-Hui Fu, Thorarinn Gislason, David Gozal, Devon A. Grant, Hakon Hakonarson, Makoto Honda, Hyun Hor, Christer Hublin, Peng Jiang, Takashi Kanbayashi, Jaakko Kaprio, Andrew Kasarskis, Leila Kheirandish-Gozal, RodaRani Konadhode, Michael Lazarus, Meng Liu, Michael March, Mark F. Mehler, Keivan Kaveh Moghadam, Valérie Mongrain, Charles M. Morin, Benjamin M. Neale, Seiji Nishino, Allan I. Pack, Dheeraj Pelluru, Rosa Peraita-Adrados, Giuseppe Plazzi, David A. Prober, Louis J. Ptáček, Irfan A. Qureshi, David M. Raizen, John J. Renger, Till Roenneberg, Elizabeth J. Rossin, Takeshi Sakurai, Paul Salin, Karen D. Schilli, Eva C. Schulte, Laurent Seugnet, Paul J. Shaw, Priyattam J. Shiromani, Patrick Sleiman, Mehdi Tafti, Joseph S. Takahashi, Matthew S. Thimgan, Katsushi Tokunaga, Giulio Tononi, Fred W. Turek, Yoshihiro Urade, Hans P.A. Van Dongen, Juliane Winkelmann, Christopher J. Winrow
- Edited by Paul Shaw, Mehdi Tafti, Michael J. Thorpy
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- Book:
- The Genetic Basis of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
- Published online:
- 05 November 2013
- Print publication:
- 24 October 2013, pp xi-xiv
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Eu3+, Bi3+ codoped Lu2O3 nanopowders: Synthesis and luminescent properties
- Angel Morales Ramírez, Margarita García Hernández, Jonathan Yepez Ávila, Antonieta García Murillo, Felipe Carrillo Romo, Elder de la Rosa, Vicente Garibay Febles, Joan Reyes Miranda
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- Journal:
- Journal of Materials Research / Volume 28 / Issue 10 / 28 May 2013
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 16 May 2013, pp. 1365-1371
- Print publication:
- 28 May 2013
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Eu3+, Bi3+ codoped Lu2O3 powders (Eu = 2.5 at.%, Bi = 0–3.0 at.%) were prepared using the sol–gel method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction, and excitation and emission spectra were carried out to characterize the synthesis, structure, and luminescent properties. The excitation spectra show a strong peak at 350–390 nm, corresponding to the Bi3+1S0 → 3P1 transition, and the emission spectra present the emission from 5D0 → 7FJ (J = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4) level of Eu3+. The intensity of the reddish emission at 612 nm was monitored as a function of the Bi3+ content and showed a light yield increment of ≈400% compared to a monodoped sample at 1.0% at. Bi3+, produced by an energy transfer process from Bi3+ to Eu3+. This was a consequence of the overlapping of the Bi3+3P1 → 1S0 emission with the f–f Eu3+ transitions.
List of contributors
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- By Jimmy N. Avari, Joshua Berman, David A. Brent, Benjamin D. Brody, Carolyn Broudy, Gerard E. Bruder, Deborah L. Cabaniss, Megan S. Chesin, Melissa P. DelBello, Davangere P. Devanand, Jordan W. Eipper, Jean Endicott, Eric A. Fertuck, Michael B. First, Benicio N. Frey, Emily Gastelum, Lucas Giner, Barbara L. Gracious, David J. Hellerstein, Aerin M. Hyun, David A. Kahn, Jürgen Kayser, S. Aiden Kelly, James H. Kocsis, Robert A. Kowatch, Gonzalo Laje, Martin J. Lan, Kyle A. B. Lapidus, Frances R. Levin, Sarah H. Lisanby, J. John Mann, Sanjay J. Mathew, Patrick J. McGrath, Francis J. McMahon, Barnett S. Meyers, Luciano Minuzzi, Diana E. Moga, Philip R. Muskin, Edward V. Nunes, Maria A. Oquendo, Ramin V. Parsey, Joan Prudic, Annie E. Rabinovitch, Drew Ramsey, Steven P. Roose, Moacyr A. Rosa, Bret R. Rutherford, Roberto Sassi, Peter A. Shapiro, Margaret G. Spinelli, Barbara H. Stanley, Meir Steiner, Jonathan W. Stewart, M. Elizabeth Sublette, Craig E. Tenke, Jiuan Su Terman, Michael Terman, Michael E. Thase, Helen Verdeli, Myrna M. Weissman
- Edited by J. John Mann, Columbia University, New York
- Edited in association with Patrick J. McGrath, Columbia University, New York, Steven P. Roose, Columbia University, New York
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- Book:
- Clinical Handbook for the Management of Mood Disorders
- Published online:
- 05 May 2013
- Print publication:
- 09 May 2013, pp vii-x
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Predicting the distribution of canine leishmaniasis in western Europe based on environmental variables
- ANA O. FRANCO, CLIVE R. DAVIES, ADRIAN MYLNE, JEAN-PIERRE DEDET, MONTSERRAT GÁLLEGO, CRISTINA BALLART, MARINA GRAMICCIA, LUIGI GRADONI, RICARDO MOLINA, ROSA GÁLVEZ, FRANCISCO MORILLAS-MÁRQUEZ, SERGIO BARÓN-LÓPEZ, CARLOS ALVES PIRES, MARIA ODETE AFONSO, PAUL D. READY, JONATHAN COX
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- Journal:
- Parasitology / Volume 138 / Issue 14 / December 2011
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 14 September 2011, pp. 1878-1891
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The domestic dog is the reservoir host of Leishmania infantum, the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis endemic in Mediterranean Europe. Targeted control requires predictive risk maps of canine leishmaniasis (CanL), which are now explored. We databased 2187 published and unpublished surveys of CanL in southern Europe. A total of 947 western surveys met inclusion criteria for analysis, including serological identification of infection (504, 369 dogs tested 1971–2006). Seroprevalence was 23 2% overall (median 10%). Logistic regression models within a GIS framework identified the main environmental predictors of CanL seroprevalence in Portugal, Spain, France and Italy, or in France alone. A 10-fold cross-validation approach determined model capacity to predict point-values of seroprevalence and the correct seroprevalence class (<5%, 5–20%, >20%). Both the four-country and France-only models performed reasonably well for predicting correctly the <5% and >20% seroprevalence classes (AUC >0 70). However, the France-only model performed much better for France than the four-country model. The four-country model adequately predicted regions of CanL emergence in northern Italy (<5% seroprevalence). Both models poorly predicted intermediate point seroprevalences (5–20%) within regional foci, because surveys were biased towards known rural foci and Mediterranean bioclimates. Our recommendations for standardizing surveys would permit higher-resolution risk mapping.
Contributors
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- By Shamsuddin Akhtar, Greg Albert, Sidney Allison, Muhammad Anwar, Haruo Arita, Amanda Barker, Mary Hanna Bekhit, Jeanna Blitz, Tyson Bolinske, David Burbulys, Asokumar Buvanendran, Gregory Cain, Keith A. Candiotti, Daniel B. Carr, Derek Chalmers, John Charney, Rex Cheng, Roger Chou, Keun Sam Chung, Anna Clebone, Frederick Conlin, Susan Dabu-Bondoc, Tiffany Denepitiya-Balicki, Jeanette Derdemezi, Anahat Kaur Dhillon, Ho Dzung, Juan Jose Egas, Stephen M. Eskaros, Zhuang T. Fang, Claudia R. Fernandez Robles, Victor A. Filadora, Ellen Flanagan, Dan Froicu, Allison Gandey, Nehal Gatha, Boris Gelman, Christopher Gharibo, Muhammad K. Ghori, Brian Ginsberg, Michael E. Goldberg, Jeff Gudin, Thomas Halaszynski, Martin Hale, Dorothea Hall, Craig T. Hartrick, Justin Hata, Lars E. Helgeson, Joe C. Hong, Richard W. Hong, Balazs Horvath, Eric S. Hsu, Gabriel Jacobs, Jonathan S. Jahr, Rongjie Jaing, Inderjeet Singh Julka, Zeev N. Kain, Clinton Kakazu, Kianusch Kiai, Mary Keyes, Michael M. Kim, Peter G. Lacouture, Ryan Lanier, Vivian K. Lee, Mark J. Lema, Oscar A. de Leon-Casasola, Imanuel Lerman, Philip Levin, Steven Levin, JinLei Li, Eric C. Lin, Sharon Lin, David A. Lindley, Ana M. Lobo, Marisa Lomanto, Mirjana Lovrincevic, Brenda C. McClain, Tariq Malik, Jure Marijic, Joseph Marino, Laura Mechtler, Alan Miller, Carly Miller, Amit Mirchandani, Sukanya Mitra, Fleurise Montecillo, James M. Moore, Debra E. Morrison, Philip F. Morway, Carsten Nadjat-Haiem, Hamid Nourmand, Dana Oprea, Sunil J. Panchal, Edward J. Park, Kathleen Ji Park, Kellie Park, Parisa Partownavid, Akta Patel, Bijal Patel, Komal D. Patel, Neesa Patel, Swati Patel, Paul M. Peloso, Danielle Perret, Anthony DePlato, Marjorie Podraza Stiegler, Despina Psillides, Mamatha Punjala, Johan Raeder, Siamak Rahman, Aziz M. Razzuk, Maggy G. Riad, Kristin L. Richards, R. Todd Rinnier, Ian W. Rodger, Joseph Rosa, Abraham Rosenbaum, Alireza Sadoughi, Veena Salgar, Leslie Schechter, Michael Seneca, Yasser F. Shaheen, James H. Shull, Elizabeth Sinatra, Raymond S. Sinatra, Neil Singla, Neil Sinha, Denis V. Snegovskikh, Dmitri Souzdalnitski, Julie Sramcik, Zoreh Steffens, Alexander Timchenko, Vadim Tokhner, Marc C. Torjman, Co T. Truong, Nalini Vadivelu, Ashley Vaughn, Anjali Vira, Eugene R. Viscusi, Dajie Wang, Shu-ming Wang, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford, Steven J. Weisman, Ira Whitten, Bryan S. Williams, Jeremy M. Wong, Thomas Wong, Christopher Wray, Yaw Wu, Anthony T. Yarussi, Laurie Yonemoto, Bita H. Zadeh, Jill Zafar, Martha Zegarra, Keren Ziv
- Edited by Raymond S. Sinatra, Jonathan S. Jahr, University of California, Los Angeles, School of Medicine, J. Michael Watkins-Pitchford
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- Book:
- The Essence of Analgesia and Analgesics
- Published online:
- 06 December 2010
- Print publication:
- 14 October 2010, pp xi-xviii
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Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder: Systematic review and meta-analysis
- Jonathan I. Bisson, Anke Ehlers, Rosa Matthews, Stephen Pilling, David Richards, Stuart Turner
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- Journal:
- The British Journal of Psychiatry / Volume 190 / Issue 2 / February 2007
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 02 January 2018, pp. 97-104
- Print publication:
- February 2007
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Background
The relative efficacy of different psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is unclear.
AimsTo determine the efficacy of specific psychological treatments for chronic PTSD.
MethodIn a systematic review of randomised controlled trials, eligible studies were assessed against methodological qualitycriteria and data were extracted and analysed.
ResultsThirty-eight randomised controlled trials were included in the meta-analysis. Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioural therapy (TFCBT), eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR), stress management and group cognitive-behavioural therapy improved PTSD symptoms more than waiting-list or usual care. There was inconclusive evidence regarding other therapies. There was no evidence of a difference in efficacy between TFCBT and EMDR butthere was some evidence that TFCBT and EMDR were superior to stress management and other therapies, and that stress management was superior to other therapies.
ConclusionsThe first-line psychological treatment for PTSD should be trauma-focused (TFCBTor EMDR).